HPE1013: March 2015

Monday 30 March 2015

How To Play Basketball

How To Play Basketball

Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.048 m) high mounted to a backboard at each end. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.

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If you want to play basket you must learn the basic first. The first basic is position. You must know where position you want to play. There are five position, such as point guard (often called the "1") they are usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time. The second one is shooting guard (the "2") they creates a high volume of shots on offense, mainly long-ranged; and guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defences.

The third one is small forward (the "3") they often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and dribble penetration on defences seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more actively. The forth one is Power forward (the "4") they are usually plays offensively often with their back to the basket on defences, plays under the basket (in a zone defences) or against the opposing power forward (in man-to-man defences). The last one is the center (the "5") uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on defences), or to rebound.

The second basic is learn how to shooting. Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket, methods varying with players and situations. Typically, a player faces the basket with both feet facing the basket. A player will rest the ball on the fingertips of the dominant hand (the shooting arm) slightly above the head, with the other hand supporting the side of the ball. The two most common shots is set-shot and the jump-shot. Another common shot is called the lay-up. This shot requires the player to be in motion toward the basket, and to "lay" the ball "up" and into the basket.

Lastly, there are the most basic how to play the basketball. There are also many basic but if want in detail go to this website by clicking here. You also can cheak this video to learn how to shooting in the basketball.

Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball#/media/File:Basketball_positions.svg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Xp2cdiTxhg#t=20

Monday 23 March 2015

WHY TUN DR. MAHATHIR MOHAMAD BECOME SUCCESSFUL AND AN INFLUENTIAL LEADER.

Malaysia’s development has improved leaps and bounds in the last 55 years of independence. With our short history, we were given the privilege to be under the command of 5 previous Prime Ministers. Now sky scrapers proudly graze our skies, with our planes touching down at our own Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Malaysians are also gifted with an education system that has contributed a significant impact on our citizens. Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad played an important role in improving Malaysia status and image to both the citizens and foreigners. He was an individual who had a visionary mind and was someone who was always trying to improve Malaysia for its citizen.

Tun Dr Mahathir was famous for his visionary mind that had no limit. One of the main reasons he was a good leader and adored by his people was his innovative ideas on improving the lives of the Malaysian people. He launched Vision 2020 in 1991 as a step to familiarize the citizens of Malaysia with the future he planned for the country. Vision 2020 was a thirty-year plan of the steps needed to be taken by Malaysians to ensure the rapid development of the country that was stemmed by none other than Tun Dr Mahathir himself. According to him, in order for Malaysians to proceed towards its goals, the citizens of Malaysia were to face nine challenges. Not only that, Vision 2020 was also used to establish a single, united Malaysian nation that would unite our multi-racial citizens. With Vision 2020, Tun Dr Mahathir also develop a plan to build a symbol for the nation by constructing the World’s tallest building. The creation of the Petronas Twin towers started on 1992 and was completed in 1997. The Petronas Twin Towers came to be the tallest from 1997 until 2003. With his ties with Petronas, Tun Dr Mahathir urged Petronas to reach out abroad to secure future petroleum supplies.

During his time, Tun Dr Mahathir also reached out to improve the development of the science and technology sector in Malaysia. He had previously said that he did not want Malaysia to be left behind in the new IT-based industries and business.(Tun Dr Mahathir, 2002) Thus, a Japanese business consultant, Kenichi Ohmae had helped him to understand the rapidly unfolding developments of the science and technology sector. As a result, Tun Dr Mahathir had decided to build Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) situated at Cyberjaya. According to Tun Dr Mahathir (2011), the range of industries using information and conducting research on information-based technology and its applications, together with various other businesses based on information technology and telecommunications, would be located. Moreover, science and technology has been emphasized in the Vision 2020. Malaysians have to start innovating and developing on our own, not just be passive recipients and consumers according to Tun Dr Mahathir, 2011. Additionally, we have to stand alongside other creative nations and be leaders in scientific discovery and technological innovation. (Mahathir, 2011, p.500)

Last but not least, Tun Dr Mahathir had also greatly contributed to the Malaysian education system. He had managed to introduce Science and Mathematics to be taught in English (PPSMI) for students from primary schools until secondary school. Even though this program did not pan out as planned, but it still had managed to leave a remarkable value on the importance of learning English to Malaysian citizens. It also had manage to open the eyes of teenagers of the important role of English has in the field of science and technology. According to Tun Dr Mahathir, science in particular changes and advances rapidly. That is why good command in English would assist greatly on Malaysians to keep up with the rapid development. Moreover, most area of modern life applies knowledge using the English language. In addition, Tun Dr Mahathir wants everyone to study in one type of school so he makes Government National Secondary School as well-equipped and attractive.

In a nutshell, Tun Dr Mahathir has proven himself as a worthy leader. With his visionary mind and brilliant ideas he played an important role in improving the science and technology sector in Malaysia. He was also responsible in improving our education system. Through the years, Tun Dr Mahathir is now remembered most for his achievement on making Malaysia better place through Vision 2020, which has become not only his dream but a dream for the whole nation.

Tuesday 17 March 2015

PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is also called hyper androgenic an ovulation (HA) or stein-leventhal syndrome is a set of symptoms due to a hormone imbalance in women. It can cause problems with your periods and make it difficult to get pregnant. PCOS is a common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries that contain small collections of fluid called follicles which is located in each ovary seen during an ultrasound exam.

The cause of PCOS is unknown. The experts think that several factors, including genetics could be a play role. Women with PCOS are most likely to have a mother or sister with PCOS. A main underlying problem with PCOS is a hormonal imbalance. In women with PCOS, the ovaries make more androgens which are the male hormones. They start making slightly more androgens and may cause to stop ovulating, get acne, and grow extra facial body hair. Researches also think insulin may be linked to PCOS. Insulin is a hormone that controls the change of sugar, starches, and other food into energy for the body to use or store. Many women with PCOS have too much insulin in their bodies because they problems using it. Excess insulin appears to increase production of androgen.

The symtoms of PCOS is most of women start having irregular or infrequent periods within three or four years of starting to menstruate. About half the women affected by this condition also gain weight and have excessive hair growth to varying degrees. If you have PCOS, you may suffer from irregular or non-existent periods, very light or very heavy bleeding during your period, mild to moderate abdominal discomfort, excessive hair growth on your face, chest and lower abdomen, acne, infertile and overweight.

PCOS is treated when the doctor may give you some lifestyle advice, about weight control and exercise and will prescribe treatment based on how severe your symptoms are whether you want to have children or not. Women who do not want to get pregnant can use contraceptive pills or other drugs to correct hormone imbalances. Hormone treatments will regulate your menstrual cycle and may cut down on abnormal hair growth and acne. Your doctor may also prescribe creams that help control excess facial hair and creams or drugs to treat acne.

Drugs used in fertility treatment, such as clomifene, tamoxifen and gonadotrophins that can help women with PCOS who want to get pregnant. If you are overweight, your doctor will advise lifestyle changes before trying fertility drugs. Even a modest weight loss can help your insulin levels get nearer to normal and get ovulation going again, if it has stopped. Losing weight before you conceive can reduce your risk of developing gestational diabetes during
your pregnancy.

Surgery can help some women to conceive if they have not responded to fertility drugs. The surgeon uses a technique called laparascopic ovarian drilling (LOD) to destroy the tissue on the ovaries that is producing testosterone. The effects are often temporary, but LOD can improve the hormone imbalance and the ovulation cycle long enough for the women to conceive. LOD is as effective as a treatment for infertility as the fertility drug gonadotrophin, with the advantage that it does’nt increase the risk of multiple pregnancy.

Insulin-sensitising drugs (ISDs), such as metformin, are now being used by specialists as treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome. Many PCOS women who didn’t initially respond to a fertility drug responded to it after treatment with an insulin-promoting drug, but more evidence is needed that ISDs work before this treatment becomes widespread. Metformin is also sometimes used by specialists as a treatment for infertility in women PCOS, although the evidence that it really works is contradictory and it has some unpleasant side effects, such as nausea and vomiting.

You can't prevent PCOS, which is probably genetically inherited. Early diagnosis and treatment is the best way to control PCOS symptoms. If your periods are irregular or non-existent, see your doctor and use whatever prescribed medical treatments she suggests regulating your menstrual cycle. In addition, tell your doctor if you have any other unexpected symptoms. It is clear that weight is a significant trigger, and women with PCOS who are overweight can reverse their symptoms through weight loss.